Understanding Buddhism Through Anicca, Dukkha, and Anatta
Introduction The essence of the Buddha’s teaching is not merely about living a moral life, but about uncovering the true nature of existence. The Buddha summarized this nature in three powerful words : Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta (the Three Characteristics, or Tilakkhaṇa ). Correctly understanding these three concepts is the key to unlocking the Four Noble Truths and Paṭicca Samuppāda (Dependent Origination). However, over centuries, their meanings became distorted, often simplified as impermanence, suffering, and no-self . These translations miss the depth and lead to serious misunderstandings about Buddhism. This article explores their true meanings as explained in key suttā and clears the misconceptions so that one can grasp why Buddhism is about transcending the endless cycle of rebirth and suffering. 1. Why the Three Characteristics Matter The Buddha taught that every birth ends in suffering . Regardless of wealth, health, or power, all beings must face aging, illness, and death...